ABSTRACT
Water balance is one of the basic regulation mechanisms of homeostasis. There are 13 subtypes of aquaporins in mammals (AQP0-AQP12). In neural system, the AQP4 is mainly distributed in astrocytes. Phosphorylation and expression regulation of AQP4 is involved in the formation of brain edema, particularly in the clearance of vasogenic edema and the formation of cytotoxic edema. This article reviews regulations and functions of AQP4 in vasogenic edema and cytotoxic edema.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Aquaporin 4 , Metabolism , Physiology , Brain , Metabolism , Brain Edema , Metabolism , Homeostasis , Water-Electrolyte Balance , PhysiologyABSTRACT
RF-amide related peptide (RFRP) is the orthologue of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) in mammals. The bodies of RFRP cell are located in the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH) and the fibers project to preoptic area (POA) and median eminence of the hypothalamus. Its receptor mainly distributes in hypothalamus. RFRP fibers project to GnRH cells to regulate mammalian reproduction axis. This paper reviews the progress of current researches on RFRP in regulation of animal behaviors, including reproduction, food intake, anxiety and stress response.